Mathematics Topic
Transformations
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Study focus - 3 things
- Transformations move or change shapes on a grid
- Translation slides, reflection flips, and enlargement changes size
- To describe a transformation, include the key details, not just the name
Section 1What transformations are
A transformation changes the position, direction, or size of a shape. The original shape is the object, and the new shape is the image. The thing to remember is that every point must be transformed in the same rule.
Section 2Translation
A translation slides a shape without turning or flipping it. It is described by a movement left/right and up/down, often using a vector. For example, 3 right and 2 up moves every point the same way.
Section 3Reflection
A reflection flips a shape over a mirror line. Each point and its image are the same perpendicular distance from the mirror line. Watch out: the shape changes orientation after a reflection.
Section 4Enlargement
An enlargement changes the size of a shape using a scale factor and centre of enlargement. A scale factor greater than 1 makes the shape bigger. A scale factor between 0 and 1 makes it smaller.
Examples
A point A(2, 3) is translated 4 right and 1 down. Find A'.
Add 4 to x and subtract 1 from y: A' = (6, 2).
A school badge design is enlarged by scale factor 2 for a banner. What happens to each length?
Each length doubles. The shape stays similar, but the banner version is twice as long in every direction.
Now let's water it
Session runs notes to flashcards to quiz back-to-back.